Wind turbine wakes on escarpments: A wind-tunnel study

In this study, the wake behind a wind turbine located on an escarpment is investigated using particle-image velocimetry in tunnel. Five different models are used, which vary windward side shape from forward facing steps (FFS) with curvatures at leading-edge to sinusoidal ramp shapes varying slopes. The difference base flow (flow without turbine) resulting change geometry of leads significant differences average and dynamic characteristics wake. relatively high level turbulence intensity induced by FFS escarpments faster recovery accompanied higher kinetic energy, compared ramp-shaped ones. self-similar behavior velocity deficit profiles far confirmed for all cases; unlike wakes over flat terrain, growth rate found be larger vertical direction than lateral direction. Meandering observed upward trajectory, one. Finally, analytical model assessed predict turbine.